Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)
Today 195 years ago: Napoleon Bonaparte was no longer ruler of the French Empire, but given the Island of Elba as a retirement principality. The first experiment with a super-state supported by bayonets and bureaucracy in Europe was almost over. (Napoleon would make yet another attempt to regain power under the 100 days, but was then finally deported to St Helena, where he would die in... A hundred years after the Treaty of Fontainebleau a new all-out war would again throw Europe into chaos, and subsequently give rise to a wide array of fascist, national socialist and communist dictatorships.
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